![]() ![]() ![]() Subjects delayed their vocal responses in function of perceived danger for themselves, but four major predictions for stress-based mechanisms were not met. When exposed to predator models, Sumatran orangutan mothers temporarily suppressed alarm calls up to 20 min until the model was out of sight. Here, we describe a vocal phenomenon in a wild great ape with unparalleled affinities with displaced reference. ![]() It is very rare in nature and has not been shown in any nonhuman primate, confounding, as such, any understanding of its precursors and evolution in the human lineage. One of the defining features of language is displaced reference-the capacity to transmit information about something that is not present or about a past or future event.
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